Reducing Musculoskeletal Disorder

When there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the worker, there is a potential for a musculoskeletal disorder problem. Ergonomics is the science of preventing these problems by fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of workers.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have a variety of causes. These include repitition of the same motion throughout the workday, or working in an awkward position, or having to use more than normal force to perform a task, or a combination of these. The level of risk depends on how long a someone is exposed to these harmful conditions, how frequently they are exposed, and the level of exposure.

In addition, other factors can increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. For example, tasks that result in fatigue, or existing MSD symptoms and injuries can result in increased risks. The factors that are most likley to contribute to an MDs are:

* Awkward postures
* Repetitive motions
* Forceful exertions
* Pressure points (e.g., local contact stress)
* Vibration

Employorers need to be aware of these within their facility and take steps to reduce employee exposure to these.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most prevalent medical problems in the U.S., affecting 7% of the population. They account for 14% of physician visits and 19% of hospital stays. 62% of persons with MSD report some degree of limitation on activity compared with 14% in the population at large.

Often MSDs can be prevented by simple and inexpensive changes in the workplace. Adjusting the height of working surfaces, varying tasks for workers and encouraging short rest breaks can reduce risks. Reducing the size of items workers must lift or providing lifting equipment also may aid workers. Specially designed equipment, such as curved knives for poultry processors, may help.

An excellent online Introduction to Ergonomics course is offered FREE by the Oregon OSHA.